一般来说，任何使用压缩空气（可以是正压或负压）作为动力的运输方法都被称为“气力输送系统”。因此，在气力输送的分类方面，我们也可以根据其工作压力进行分类，今天小编将有关正压和负压输送的特点及优缺点给大家详细介绍下。

　　Generally speaking, any transportation method that uses compressed air (which can be positive or negative pressure) as power is called a "pneumatic conveying system". Therefore, in terms of the classification of pneumatic conveying, we can also classify it according to its working pressure. Today, the editor will give you a detailed introduction to the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of positive pressure and negative pressure conveying.

　　气力输送方式说明

　　Description of pneumatic conveying method

　　①正压输送（一般工作压力在0.15～0.7MPa之间）。②负压输送（一般工作压力在－0.020MPa以下）。③微正压输送（一般工作压力在0～0.15MPa之间）。实际上，微正压输送也属于正压输送，但由于其工作压力较低,其工作形式接近于负压输送。

　　① Positive pressure conveying (generally working pressure between 0.15 and 0.7 MPa). ② Negative pressure conveying (generally working pressure below -0.020 MPa). ③ Micro positive pressure conveying (generally working pressure between 0 and 0.15 MPa). In fact, micro positive pressure conveying also belongs to positive pressure conveying, but due to its lower working pressure, its working form is close to negative pressure conveying.

　　正压气力输送系统

　　Positive pressure pneumatic conveying system

　　正压气力输送优点01

　　Advantages of positive pressure pneumatic conveying 01

　　由于其正压输送，理论上所需的工作压力仅取决于压缩机提供的压力和输送管道的压力阻力。因此，当将介质输送到长距离（超过200米）时，必须使用正压输送。02

　　Due to its positive pressure conveying, the theoretical required working pressure depends only on the pressure provided by the compressor and the pressure resistance of the conveying pipeline. Therefore, when transporting media over long distances (exceeding 200 meters), positive pressure conveying must be used. 02

　　由于向输送系统供应空气的空气压缩机具有一定的增压特性，因此可以达到最大排气压力。在运输过程中，即使它们的运输条件略有变化，它们仍然可以保持正常的运输，因此系统具有很大的适应性。03

　　Due to the pressurization characteristics of the air compressor supplying air to the conveying system, the maximum exhaust pressure can be achieved. During transportation, even if their transportation conditions change slightly, they can still maintain normal transportation, so the system has great adaptability. 03

　　在运输过程中，由于材料被密封在加压管道中，即使在泄漏点，外部空气和雨水也不会侵入内部材料，确保了运输材料的质量。04

　　During transportation, due to the material being sealed in a pressurized pipeline, even at leakage points, external air and rainwater will not invade the internal material, ensuring the quality of the transported material. 04

　　大颗粒和高密度材料也可以在适当的情况下运输。也就是说，它对材料具有广泛的适应性。05

　　Large particles and high-density materials can also be transported under appropriate conditions. That is to say, it has a wide range of adaptability to materials. 05

　　在运输过程中，可以有多个卸料点。因此，一条输送管道可以进入多个接收仓库。06

　　During transportation, there can be multiple unloading points. Therefore, a conveying pipeline can enter multiple receiving warehouses. 06

　　物料分离器结构简单，只要通过简单扩容就能使料、气分离。

　　The structure of the material separator is simple, and material and gas can be separated by simply expanding the capacity.

　　正压气力输送系统

　　Positive pressure pneumatic conveying system

　　正压气力输送缺点01

　　Disadvantages of positive pressure pneumatic conveying 01

　　在近距离（小于100米）输送时，能耗相对较高。02

　　When transporting at close range (less than 100 meters), energy consumption is relatively high. 02

　　发送端设备（仓泵系统）复杂，不能多点进料。当需要多点进料时，必须采用耐磨损的专用阀门进行切换。03

　　The sending device (bin pump system) is complex and cannot be fed from multiple points. When multiple feeding points are required, wear-resistant specialized valves must be used for switching. 03

　　由于运输过程中工作压力大，所有发送端都处于关闭状态，因此一般只能间歇性运输，不能连续运输。04

　　Due to the high working pressure during transportation, all sending ends are in a closed state, so it can only be transported intermittently and cannot be transported continuously. 04

　　物料的含水率对输送影响较大。05

　　The moisture content of materials has a significant impact on transportation. 05

　　供气系统较复杂。一般要对压缩空气进行油、水、杂质的分离。

　　The gas supply system is quite complex. Generally, compressed air needs to be separated from oil, water, and impurities.

　　负压气力输送系统

　　Negative pressure pneumatic conveying system

　　负压气力输送优点01

　　Advantages of negative pressure pneumatic conveying 01

　　可以由多点集中向一点输送。02

　　It can be transported from multiple points to a single point. 02

　　由于发送端结构简单，因此对于发送端不需要有较大的空间。03

　　Due to the simple structure of the sender, there is no need for a large space for the sender. 03

　　能够连续输送。04

　　Capable of continuous transportation. 04

　　在运输过程中，由于管道内部是负压，即使设备上有孔隙，材料也不会向外扩散，不会污染环境。05

　　During transportation, due to the negative pressure inside the pipeline, even if there are pores on the equipment, the material will not diffuse outward and will not pollute the environment. 05

　　即使在发生故障时，在发送端也不易产生粉尘飞扬。06

　　Even in the event of a malfunction, dust is not easily generated at the sending end. 06

　　在发送端，气体通常不会进入上部料仓。因此，装料口或投料口通常可以处于打开状态。

　　At the sending end, gas usually does not enter the upper silo. Therefore, the loading or feeding port can usually be in an open state.

　　负压气力输送系统

　　Negative pressure pneumatic conveying system

　　负压气力输送缺点01

　　Disadvantages of negative pressure pneumatic conveying 01

　　由于绝对压差的确定，无法进行远距离运输，理论上最大运输距离不能超过200米。02

　　Due to the determination of absolute pressure difference, long-distance transportation cannot be carried out, and theoretically the maximum transportation distance cannot exceed 200 meters. 02

　　在同一输送量下，负压输送管道较正压输送的管道要粗。03

　　At the same conveying capacity, negative pressure conveying pipelines are thicker than positive pressure conveying pipelines. 03

　　接收端的料、气分离装置结构较复杂，要求密闭不得漏气。04

　　The structure of the material and gas separation device at the receiving end is complex and requires sealing without air leakage. 04

　　运输过程中对各种参数的要求很严格，如果系统参数略有变化，运输就无法顺利进行。05

　　The requirements for various parameters during transportation are very strict, and if there are slight changes in system parameters, transportation cannot proceed smoothly. 05

　　一般不能进行多点卸料，当有多个接收库时该系统就无法满足要求或系统变得很复杂。06

　　Generally, multi-point unloading is not possible, and when there are multiple receiving warehouses, the system cannot meet the requirements or becomes very complex. 06

　　由于输送时流速较高,对管道的磨损较大。07

　　Due to the high flow rate during transportation, there is significant wear on the pipeline. 07

　　当以高流速输送时，由于气体处理能力大，集尘器的体积变大，同时还承受着大的负压，这需要大量的空间和钢材消耗，增加了投资和成本。08

　　When transported at high flow rates, due to the large gas processing capacity, the volume of the dust collector increases and it also bears a large negative pressure, which requires a lot of space and steel consumption, increasing investment and cost. 08

　　由于是多个下料点通过一根管道和一套接收装置，故只要有一处发生故障,整个系统只能停止。

　　Due to multiple feeding points passing through a pipeline and a set of receiving devices, the entire system can only stop if a fault occurs at one point.

　　小编总结一下：在电厂粉煤灰气力输送系统中，由于负压输送存在以上缺点，所以目前还是以正压输送为主；当然负压输送在近几年来也在不断地应用，但一般用在小系统上（如粉煤灰分选等），从电除尘器灰斗至灰库的整个系统，在实际投入应用的还不多见。用户可根据实际应用情况做出最合适的选择。

　　Editor's summary: In the power plant fly ash pneumatic conveying system, due to the above disadvantages of negative pressure conveying, positive pressure conveying is still the main method at present; Of course, negative pressure conveying has also been continuously applied in recent years, but it is generally used in small systems (such as fly ash sorting). The entire system from the electrostatic precipitator ash hopper to the ash silo is not yet widely used in practical applications. Users can make the most suitable choice based on their actual application situation.

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