在工业生产中，有一些物料的输送对于破碎率有一定的要求，例如树脂、尿素、纯碱、中成药颗粒，食品行业中例如砂糖、咖啡豆、调味品、大米、玉米颗粒、大豆类等等，破碎的物料都会影响产品的品质。那对这种易破碎的物料应该如何选择输送方案呢？导致物料破损的原因气力输送过程中引起物料破碎的主要原因是物料颗粒与物料颗粒之间的碰撞或者物料颗粒与管道内壁的碰撞导致物料破碎。在气力输送系统中，稀相气力输送方式物料的破损率会更高一些，因为稀相输送时物料是以很高的速度、分散并悬浮的进行运动的，高速的运动同时也会高速撞击管道内壁引起物料破碎。

　　In industrial production, the transportation of some materials has certain requirements for crushing rate, such as resin, urea, soda ash, traditional Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations granules, and in the food industry, such as granulated sugar, coffee beans, condiments, rice, corn granules, soybeans, etc. Broken materials will affect the quality of products. How should we choose a conveying scheme for this fragile material? The main cause of material breakage during pneumatic conveying is the collision between material particles or the collision between material particles and the inner wall of the pipeline. In pneumatic conveying systems, the damage rate of materials in dilute phase pneumatic conveying is higher because the materials move at a high speed, dispersed and suspended. High speed movement can also collide with the inner wall of the pipeline at high speed, causing material breakage.

　　密相气力输送是物料以低速、沙丘态、流态或团聚态输送，输送较为缓慢，并且颗粒间的相对运动相比较小一些，物料破损会少一些，但是输送过程中边缘的物料微粒与管道的摩擦撞击以及物料颗粒之间的摩擦都不可避免，尤其是在通过拐弯的地方，摩擦与碰撞会导致一些破碎发生。

　　Dense phase pneumatic conveying is the process of conveying materials at low speed, in a sand dune state, in a fluid state, or in a agglomerated state. The conveying is relatively slow, and the relative motion between particles is relatively small, resulting in less material damage. However, during the conveying process, friction and collision between material particles at the edges and the pipeline, as well as friction between material particles, are inevitable, especially when passing through corners. Friction and collision can cause some breakage.

　　通过力学研究表面，颗粒物与管壁或者其他颗粒相碰撞时的速度越大，破碎率越高；而物料颗粒的输送速度是受气流速度影响，所以气流速度越高，物料颗粒的破损率越高。另外输送路线中弯头的数量越多，破碎率越高。

　　By studying surfaces through mechanics, the higher the velocity at which particles collide with pipe walls or other particles, the higher the fragmentation rate; The conveying speed of material particles is affected by the airflow velocity, so the higher the airflow velocity, the higher the damage rate of material particles. The more bends there are in the conveying route, the higher the crushing rate.

　　物料性质影响输送的破碎率

　　The material properties affect the crushing rate of transportation

　　由于物料的性质各不相同，作用于各种物料上的外力大小、形式也不同，因而引起破碎的形式和程度也不同。同时环境温度、湿度、压力等条件对破碎也有一定影响。例如物料的含水率对破碎的影响：输送玉米颗粒时，玉米颗粒的含水量过高或者过低，都会增加玉米颗粒的破碎率。经过实验发现当玉米颗粒含水量为18.3%时，破损率最低。

　　Due to the different properties of materials, the magnitude and form of external forces acting on various materials are also different, resulting in different forms and degrees of fragmentation. At the same time, environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and pressure also have a certain impact on crushing. For example, the impact of material moisture content on crushing: When transporting corn particles, if the moisture content of the corn particles is too high or too low, it will increase the crushing rate of the corn particles. Through experiments, it was found that the lowest damage rate occurs when the moisture content of corn kernels is 18.3%.

　　选择合适的输送方式

　　Choose the appropriate conveying method

　　用户在前期选择物料输送设备时应该根据对物料的破损率要求、物料的硬度、物料的环境温度、湿度、压力等因素综合考量，选择合适的输送设备。例如如果是需要输送咖啡豆等对破损率有严格要求的种类，可以考虑使用输送更为平缓的管链输送机，输送过程轻柔平缓，一定程度改善物料的破损率。如果是采用气力输送，可优选选择密相气力输送，减少弯头的数量、调低气流的速度，可以一定程度降低物流破损率。

　　When selecting material conveying equipment in the early stage, users should comprehensively consider factors such as material damage rate requirements, material hardness, environmental temperature, humidity, pressure, etc., and choose suitable conveying equipment. For example, if it is necessary to transport coffee beans and other types with strict requirements for damage rate, it is possible to consider using a smoother pipe chain conveyor for transportation. The transportation process should be gentle and smooth, which can improve the material damage rate to a certain extent. If pneumatic conveying is used, dense phase pneumatic conveying can be preferred to reduce the number of bends and lower the airflow speed, which can to some extent reduce the logistics damage rate.

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