气力输送设备一般由受料器(如喉管、吸嘴、发送器等)、输送管、风管、分离器(常用的有容积式和旋风式两种)、锁气器(常用的有翻板式和回转式两种，既可作为喂料器，又可作为卸料器)、除尘器和风机(如离心式风机、罗茨鼓风机、水环真空泵、空压机等)等设备和部件组成。受料器的作用是进人物料，造成合适的料气比，使物料启动、加速。分离器的作用是将物料与空气分离，并对物料进行分选。锁气器的作用是均匀供料或卸料，同时阻止空气漏人。风机的作用是为系统提供动力。真空吸送系统常用高压离心风机或水环真空泵；而压送系统则需用罗茨鼓风机或空压机。

Pneumatic conveying equipment generally consists of equipment and components such as feeders (such as throat pipes, suction nozzles, transmitters, etc.), conveying pipes, air ducts, separators (commonly used are volumetric and cyclone types), air locks (commonly used are flap type and rotary type, which can be used as both feeders and unloaders), dust collectors, and fans (such as centrifugal fans, Roots blowers, water ring vacuum pumps, air compressors, etc.). The function of the feeder is to feed the material, create a suitable material to gas ratio, and enable the material to start and accelerate. The function of a separator is to separate materials from air and sort them. The function of the air lock is to evenly supply or unload materials while preventing air leakage. The function of a fan is to provide power to the system. High pressure centrifugal fans or water ring vacuum pumps are commonly used in vacuum suction systems; And the compression system requires Roots blower or air compressor.

现有系统的贵铅炉烟灰，经收尘系统收集下来集中到烟灰仓，送至圆盘制粒机进行烟灰制粒，制粒过程中，采用二次收尘，避免砷对环境的污染。然后采用机动三轮车将制粒的烟灰拉到综合回收厂分离砷锑，回收锑铋等有价金属。

The precious lead furnace ash of the existing system is collected by the dust collection system and concentrated in the ash bin, and sent to the disc granulator for ash granulation. During the granulation process, secondary dust collection is used to avoid arsenic pollution to the environment. Then, a motorized tricycle is used to transport the granulated cigarette ash to a comprehensive recycling plant for separating arsenic and antimony, and recovering valuable metals such as antimony and bismuth.

虽然烟灰较未制粒前大部分减少了物料的飞扬抛洒损失，然而烟灰在制粒、装车、运输、卸车、入仓过程中仍存在一定的物料的飞扬抛洒损失，为减少上述环节中的物料飞扬抛洒，该公司对烟灰的运输及操作环节提出改为密闭、环保、降低劳动强度、减少人员设置等方面的输送方式要求，为此项目实施部门进行了研究考察，提出采用螺旋泵气力输送的方式。在项目的实施中进行了实践。

Although most of the material flying and scattering losses of cigarette ash have been reduced compared to before granulation, there are still certain material flying and scattering losses during the granulation, loading, transportation, unloading, and warehousing processes of cigarette ash. In order to reduce material flying and scattering in the above processes, the company proposes to change the transportation and operation of cigarette ash to a closed, environmentally friendly, labor-intensive, and personnel setting transportation method. Therefore, the project implementation department has conducted research and investigation and proposed the use of screw pump pneumatic conveying. Practice was carried out during the implementation of the project.

该输送系统安装结束后，先进行 PLC 控制系统的自调，程序没问题后，让分厂组织老系统的白烟灰 5 吨左右，装入起点料仓，采用现场手动操作方式进行操作，通过调试，摸索掌握了各压力、给料机频率、输送时间、压力变化判断输送物料完毕等情况。并通过对目的料仓内的检查及料位数值的变化，判断物料已经输送过去，该方式是成功的。然后采用自动操作进行输送。

After the installation of the conveying system is completed, the PLC control system is first self adjusted. After the program is fine, the factory organizes about 5 tons of white smoke ash from the old system and loads it into the starting material bin. The operation is carried out manually on site, and through debugging, the various pressures, feeder frequency, conveying time, and pressure changes are explored to determine the completion of the conveyed materials. And by inspecting the target material bin and checking the changes in material level values, it is determined that the material has been transported, and this method is successful. Then automatic operation is used for conveying.

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