在现代工业粉状物料输送领域，仓泵作为高压密相动压气力输送装置的典型代表，凭借其稳定可靠的性能，成为水泥、煤粉、化工粉体等物料长距离输送的关键设备。该装置在 700kPa 以下的高压环境中运行，通过气体动力实现粉状物料的密闭式输送，有效避免粉尘外溢，兼具环保性与高效性。

　　In the field of modern industrial powder material transportation, the bin pump, as a typical representative of high-pressure dense phase dynamic pneumatic conveying devices, has become a key equipment for long-distance transportation of materials such as cement, coal powder, and chemical powder due to its stable and reliable performance. The device operates in a high-pressure environment below 700kPa and achieves closed conveying of powdered materials through gas power, effectively avoiding dust spillage and combining environmental friendliness and efficiency.

　　双轨卸料模式：下引式与上引式的差异化应用

　　Dual track unloading mode: differentiated application of downward and upward guidance

　　仓泵的卸料方式呈现下引式与上引式两种技术路径，其原理与适用场景各有侧重。下引式卸料作为最常见的底部出料方案，核心在于对物料流态化的精准调控。罐体底部设置的圆锥面充气槽或喷嘴，通过注入高压气体，将堆积的粉状物料转化为类似流体的状态。在建材行业的水泥输送中，底部加装的流态化充气板可使物料在罐底均匀卸出，配合管道内的气流形成稳定的输送流，有效避免物料堵塞。这种卸料方式尤其适用于流动性较好、颗粒度均一的粉状物料。

　　The unloading method of the bin pump presents two technical paths: downward and upward, each with its own emphasis on principles and applicable scenarios. As the most common bottom discharge scheme, downward discharge relies on precise control of material fluidization. The conical inflatable groove or nozzle set at the bottom of the tank converts the accumulated powdered material into a fluid like state by injecting high-pressure gas. In the cement transportation of the building materials industry, the fluidized inflatable plate installed at the bottom can evenly discharge the material at the bottom of the tank, and form a stable conveying flow with the airflow in the pipeline, effectively avoiding material blockage. This unloading method is particularly suitable for powdery materials with good fluidity and uniform particle size.

　　而上引式卸料则另辟蹊径，从罐体上部完成物料输出。输送气体在罐内的分布策略高度依赖物料特性：对于密度较大、粘性强的粉体，需在不同平面分层进气，通过多点气流扰动实现物料松散；针对轻质易飞扬的物料，则采用集中式进气，快速形成向上的输送动力。在热电厂的粉煤灰输送环节，上引式仓泵通过顶部多通道进气设计，使物料在罐体上部形成悬浮状态，利用气体压差实现高效卸料，既保证输送效率，又降低了对罐体耐压性能的要求。

　　The upward discharge method takes a different approach, completing material output from the upper part of the tank. The distribution strategy of conveying gas in the tank is highly dependent on material characteristics: for powders with high density and strong viscosity, it is necessary to layer and introduce air in different planes, and achieve material loosening through multi-point airflow disturbance; For lightweight materials that are prone to flying, centralized air intake is used to quickly generate upward conveying power. In the fly ash conveying process of the thermal power plant, the upward suction bin pump is designed with a multi-channel air inlet at the top, so that the material is suspended in the upper part of the tank, and efficient unloading is achieved by using gas pressure difference, which not only ensures conveying efficiency but also reduces the requirements for the pressure resistance performance of the tank.

　　循环式工作流程：四阶段协同的连续输送机制

　　Circular workflow: Four stage collaborative continuous delivery mechanism

　　仓泵的间歇性输送过程本质是一套精密的循环作业系统，每个工作周期由四个紧密衔接的阶段构成。进料阶段，进料阀与排气阀同步开启，粉状物料在重力作用下从料仓自由落入罐体，直至触发水平料位计的仓满信号。该阶段需严格控制进料速度与罐体容量匹配，避免因过量进料导致后续流化不畅。

　　The intermittent conveying process of a warehouse pump is essentially a precise cyclic operation system, with each working cycle consisting of four closely connected stages. In the feeding stage, the feeding valve and exhaust valve are opened synchronously, and the powdered material falls freely from the silo into the tank under the action of gravity until the level gauge triggers the full signal of the silo. At this stage, it is necessary to strictly control the feeding speed to match the tank capacity, in order to avoid subsequent fluidization obstruction caused by excessive feeding.

　　密封加压阶段随即启动，进料阀与排气阀关闭，高压气阀开启向罐内注入压缩空气。这一过程需精准控制气压上升速率，过快的加压会使物料产生冲击堆积，过慢则影响输送效率。当罐内压力达到预设操作值（通常在 400 - 600kPa 区间），便进入核心的输送阶段。输送空气阀与卸料阀打开，高压气体裹挟流态化物料沿管道高速输送，此时物料在气流中呈密集栓塞状移动，单位时间输送量可达常规气力输送设备的 1.5 倍以上。

　　The sealing and pressurization stage starts immediately, with the feed valve and exhaust valve closed, and the high-pressure air valve opened to inject compressed air into the tank. This process requires precise control of the rate of pressure rise. Excessive pressure can cause material to accumulate and impact, while slow pressure can affect conveying efficiency. When the pressure inside the tank reaches the preset operating value (usually in the range of 400-600kPa), it enters the core conveying stage. The conveying air valve and discharge valve are opened, and high-pressure gas carries fluidized materials along the pipeline at high speed. At this time, the materials move in a dense plug like manner in the airflow, and the conveying capacity per unit time can reach more than 1.5 times that of conventional pneumatic conveying equipment.

　　输送完成后，系统进入吹扫复位阶段。压力开关、料位计或时间继电器监测到输送结束信号，立即关闭高压气阀与卸料阀，将剩余压缩空气全部用于管道吹扫，清除残留物料防止结块。同时开启排气阀卸压，使罐体恢复常压，为下一循环做好准备。这种循环作业模式通过自动化控制系统精确执行，可实现 24 小时不间断稳定运行。

　　After the delivery is completed, the system enters the purge reset phase. When the pressure switch, level gauge or time relay detects the end signal of transportation, immediately close the high-pressure air valve and discharge valve, and use all remaining compressed air for pipeline blowing to remove residual materials and prevent clumping. Simultaneously open the exhaust valve to relieve pressure and restore the tank to normal pressure, preparing for the next cycle. This cyclic operation mode is precisely executed by an automated control system and can achieve 24-hour uninterrupted stable operation.

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